What term describes the details about a data element, including its name, definition, and application?

The correct choice is based on the understanding of what metadata entails. Metadata is indeed the information that provides context about data elements, including their names, definitions, formats, and how they can be used. It serves to describe the characteristics of the data, enabling users to understand and effectively utilize the data in a meaningful way.

While a data dictionary, which is an organized collection of metadata, does provide similar information, it is considered a specific type of metadata. In contrast, a data model provides a conceptual framework for how data is structured and related, which is different from simply describing the details of each data element. A data source refers to the origin of the data and does not encompass the descriptive aspects of the data elements themselves.

Thus, the choice of metadata accurately captures the broader term that encompasses all descriptive aspects of data elements, making it the most appropriate answer.